ISSN: –
ISBN: 978-1-947617-34-6
Editor: Andreas Mazetti Petersson
Can some of the major events of an era be traced through the life of a single Jesuit? This question animates Antonio Possevino’s biographer.
If the Jesuits were correctly described as for their “essential mobility” – as Luce Giard once put it –, epitomizes the politically mobile Jesuit, an envoyé whom the historian of the sixteenth century encounters at decisive moments and in crucial places across Europe. His life stretches from the still-debated origins of his family—between Mantua, his birthplace, and perhaps Piedmont—to his final days in the Jesuit college of Ferrara. Yet, more than a personal trajectory, Possevino’s life unfolds as a sequence of pivotal scenes, each marking not only significant moments in an individual’s journey but also critical turning points in the political and religious history of Christianity.
From Northern Italy to Lyon and Paris, from Germany and Sweden to Poland and Lithuania, from Transylvania to Bohemia, from Rome to northern Italy, Possevino was ever-present—whether in the wars of religion, the battle between Catholic and Protestant churches, or the intricate diplomacy of imperial succession, peacemaking, noble marriages, and the clash between Rome and Venice. Wherever the tides of history surged, Possevino stood at the center. His political missions were accompanied—and perhaps sustained—by a relentless literary production, a body of work that historians today recognize as his most potent weapon in the conflicts of his time.
The breathless succession of episodes in Possevino’s life might daunt even the most determined historiographer seeking to capture the depth of this indefatigable Jesuit’s impact. Yet, it did not deter Fr. John Patrick Donnelly, S.J., who pioneered extensive research and laid the foundation with groundbreaking studies on Possevino.
Building upon Fr. Donnelly’s masterful contributions, this chronological, collectively authored biography is conceived as a sequence of periods and scenes, each portraying Possevino at a defining moment of his journey. Through this collaborative effort, we hope to render his life in all its vibrant complexity, presenting not only an account but a full and dynamic portrait of a figure who shaped the course of early modern history.
Upbringing and relationship with the Gonzaga court, Changing of name from Cagliani to Possevino (possible Jewish ancestry), studies in Rome with his brother Giambattista Possevino, ties to the Renaissance court of Julius III.
Dialogo dell’honore and the debates surrounding this work, tutoring the Gonzaga sons, participating in the Aristotelian milieu in Ferrara.
Debates about decorum in theatrical plays, defending the plays by Giraldi Cinzio in the work: Due Discorsi di M. A. Possevino, Mantovano, l’uno in difesa di M. Gio. Bat. suo Fratello dove si discorre intorno all’Honore e al Duello, l’altro in Difesa di Gio. Battista Ciraldi, dove si trattono alcune cose per iscriver Tragedie. Writing a commentary on the Battle of St. Quentin (1557).
Hearing sermons by Benedetto Palmio. In Loreto, deciding to join the Jesuits. Joining the Jesuits and travelling to the Savoy with Diego Laínez, founding Jesuit schools at Chambery, Torino and Mondovì. Ordained priest in the Savoy. Disputing with the Waldensians.
In France, disputing with the Huguenots, directing schools at Lyon and Avignon, Works: Trattato dell’Santissimo Sacrificio dell’Altare, Lettera del modo di leggere ed udire la parola di Dio.
Works: Soldato Christiano, Risposta à Pietro Vireto à Nicolao Balbani et à due altri heretici i quali hanno scritto contra il Trattato della Messa di Antonio Possevino. The St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre.
In Rome, secretary to Everard Mercurian. Setting up the Jesuit archives. Work: Laurentii Gambarae Tractatus in quo cum perfecta poesos ratione agitur (1576). Founding of the Casa dei neofiti in Rome.
In Sweden at the Court of John III. Directing the school in Stockholm. Visiting the Bridgettine nuns at Vadstena and setting up a plan for the re-catholization of Sweden.
Possevino in Moscow during the Livonian War, negotiating with Tsar Ivan IV. Publishing the Moscovia.
Possevino in Poland-Lithuania, relationship with Stefan Báthory. Defending the Catholic faith against David Chytraeus. Founding schools in Vilnius, Tartu, and Braniewo. Possevino in Transylvania. Writing the Transilvania, although not published at the time. Founding school in Cluj.
Possevino in Bohemia. Founding school in Olomouc. Negotiating peace between Emperor Rudolph II and Stefan Báthory. Intervention in the election of a new king of Poland (1587).
Authoring the Iudicium De Nuae militis Galli Scriptis. Compiling material, authoring and publishing the Bibliotheca Selecta. Debates about the authenticity of the conversion of Henri IV of France.
Purity of blood debates within the Society of Jesus. Participating at the Synod of Aquileia (1597), writing the Ragionamento. Appointed rector at the Jesuit College in Bologna in 1601.
Authoring and publishing the Apparatus Sacer (working title: Bibliotheca Sacra). Supporting the legitimacy of False Dmitri to the throne of Moscow.
The Venetian Interdict and participating in the Guerra delle Scritture.
Settling in Ferrara. Working on the Annales. His letters during the time manifest his disappointment with Claudio Acquaviva.
Possevino’s Project is developed and maintained by the Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies .
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Published by the Institute of Jesuit Sources
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© Institute of Jesuit Sources, Institute for Advanced Jesuit Studies, All Rights Reserved